We presence before you about news topic on Experts continue to debate the Lucy Letby case. The Lucy Letby narrative takes place in two parallel realms.

Every day in Liverpool, during the public investigation of her case, one can be observed. The question of Letby sculpability is resolved here. Why Letby was able to injure infants for such a long time is the judge's inquiry.

In the alternate reality, skepticism has grown regarding the evidence that was used to condemn her. Prominent statisticians and medical specialists are speculating that Letby could have been the victim of an injustice.

A debate outside of the court system casts doubt on Letby's guilt, creating an absurd situation where the system has determined that she is a serial murderer.
As journalists, we have spent years following Lucy Letby's story through two trials, an appeals procedure, a public investigation that is still going on, and the mounting controversy around her conviction. Together, we have authored a book on the case and produced two Panorama documentaries, the most recent of which features fresh material and features interviews with prominent opponents and the prosecution's now-suspended experts. The film will premiere on Monday.

Letby was found guilty of killing seven infants and making seven more murderous attempts, making him the most prolific child murderer of the modern era. Still, opinions on her situation are divided.

If someone had witnessed her injuring a newborn at the Countess of Chester Hospital's neonatal unit, the case may have been easier to handle, but none did. Neither DNA nor CCTV evidence pointed to an incriminating motive. The circumstantial evidence was used against her.

The calculation

During her trial, a grid that listed the occurrences in the case with 'X's to indicate which staff members had been on duty was one of the most important papers. For all of them, Letby was the sole nurse on call.

However, statisticians have mocked the grid. They contend that the grid is essentially a visual trick on its own because we don't know how the "suspicious events" listed on it were chosen or which ones were left out. The jury was also informed of two suspicious instances that did not appear on the grid and occurred when Letby was not at work.

However, is the grid the actual issue?

If there was undeniable medical proof of 24 crimes, Lucy Letby's presence at every instance would undoubtedly be devastating.

That brings us to the central point of the Letby case: To what extent does the medical evidence support the notion that the newborn deaths and collapses were crimes rather than random occurrences?

The evidence of air embolism

The most contentious evidence were claims that Letby killed infants by giving them air injections in their blood. An air embolism, or obstruction brought on by an air bubble in the blood circulation, would result from that.

Letby would have needed to use a syringe to inject air into the infants' intravenous lines in order to do this. These are typically used to provide sick or preterm neonates with feeding, medication, and hydration.

After being used, syringes in hospitals are disposed of and burned. They are almost undetectable as a murder weapon.

The issue is that Letby was not observed doing this. Rather, the accusation was based on a "checklist" of observations made of some of the infants who passed away or fell apart while Letby was there.

The prosecution claims that the babies' condition declined abruptly and without warning. The primary medical expert witness for the prosecution was retired consultant pediatrician Dr. Dewi Evans. "under care of Babies don't suddenly drop dead" he informed us.

Numerous people displayed unusual skin discolorations that the unit's medics had never seen before. A few baby screams.

Moreover, the infants did not react to resuscitation as the doctors had anticipated. Some had air in their blood vessels, according to post-mortem X-rays.

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Dr. Shoo Lee, one of the authors of the report, later testified on behalf of Letby in her failed April 2024 appeal of her convictions. He claimed that none of the skin blemishes on the infants in the Letby case demonstrated evidence of an air embolism.

Prosecution attorneys couldn't agree. Additionally, they emphasized that skin discoloration was only one item on their checklist for air embolism and that they had never claimed that a certain type of skin discoloration constituted evidence of air embolism on its own.

While few specialists have seen all of the medical data, some have openly criticized the prosecution's air embolism argument. One expert who has is retired consultant neonatologist Dr. Mike Hall, who assisted Letby's defense during her initial ten-month trial. Although Dr. Hall did not testify in court, he informed us that, in his opinion, there was no indication that the air visible in the infants' X-rays was brought there while they were still alive.

In Fact: Experts continue to debate the Lucy Letby case

These kinds of expert disagreements, some of which have turned personal, are currently transpiring over the medical evidence in the Letby case.

The prosecution claimed that this checklist was a reliable method of determining air embolism. However, how sturdy was it? The scant research on air embolism in infants was easily acknowledged by the specialists for the prosecution. Two Canadian professors' 1989 study report was one of the most thorough examinations. The paper's description seemed to bolster the prosecution's case, especially when it came to the allusions to skin color changes linked to air embolism. However, there were only 53 cases in the research, and the babies' conditions that were reported in the publication were not exactly the same as those in the Letby case.

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